Anti Smith Antibody Test and Its Price in India

Anti-Smith (Sm) antibody is a highly specific antibody for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite the remarkable specificity of anti-Sm antibodies for SLE, the association between anti-Sm antibody level and the clinical manifestation of SLE is still unclear.

Systemic lupus erythematosus: Autoantibodies and immune complex deposition characterise the chronic, systemic autoimmune illness known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which can essentially affect any organ and cause a variety of clinical symptoms. Autoantibodies and the buildup of immunological complexes are features of systemic lupus erythematosus. Numerous autoantibodies have been described that primarily target nuclear autoantigens. The Smith antigen is one of these nuclear autoantigens.

Anti-Sm antibodies' function in the development of SLE

Immune complexes containing anti-dsDNA antibodies are a hallmark of SLE and are crucial in the development of lupus nephritis. SLE patients' glomeruli exhibit immune deposits containing anti-Sm antibodies. Others have discovered RNP/Sm antibodies in the circulating immune complexes of SLE patients. Anti-Sm antibodies' clinical relevance is yet unclear, though.

Anti-Sm antibodies have been linked to a variety of disease presentations in SLE patients, including renal involvement, neuropsychiatric symptoms, hemolytic anaemia, and vasculitis. However, other studies found no correlation between anti-Sm antibodies and any clinical manifestations. Due to these contradictory findings, anti-Sm antibodies are currently not thought to be a reliable predictive or activity measure.

Due to molecular mimicry caused by a common sequence between Sm proteins (SmB as well as SmD) and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen, it has been suggested that prior EBV infection may have contributed to the development of the anti-Sm response (EBNA).

Anti-smith antibody test

Blood tests known as antibody testing can identify specific antibodies, which facilitates the diagnosis of lupus.

Anti-Smith Antibody Test Preparation

The test that finds and quantifies antibodies in your blood is called an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). You might need to wear a T-shirt or short-sleeved shirt to the test to have easier blood collection.

Anti-Smith Antibody Test Procedure

The blood sample's serum is next added to a tiny slide that has been coated with certain cells. The patient's serum will bind to the cells on the slide if they have antinuclear antibodies. Then, to the cells and serum antibodies that have bonded together, a second antibody that has been fluorescently dyed is added. The slide is lastly examined under a fluorescent microscope.

Normal values

• Ideal outcome: 0 to 0.9 AI.