Tuberculosis is a major health problem in India. Abdominal tuberculosis is the most common form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis constituting of 11%.
Tuberculosis is a major health problem in India. Abdominal tuberculosis is the most common form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis constituting of 11%.
Tuberculosis is the major cause of intestinal narrowing, inflammation of the intestines and bowel obstructions in the 19th century.
TB is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which is spread through air.
Abdominal tuberculosis comprises tuberculosis of gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes inside the abdomen, peritoneum (membrane forming the lining of abdominal cavity), liver, colon, rectum, or spleen.
What Are the Causes and Consequences of Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis bacteria can affect GIT In two ways-
- Primary tuberculosis is when infection occurs through ingestion of infected mill or food.
- Secondary tuberculosis is due to tuberculosis affecting other parts of the body, It can occur in the following ways-
- Bacteria spread from the primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- swallowing of infected sputum
- Spread of infection from adjacent organs
- Lymphatic spread
- Infection spread through blood
What Are the Symptoms of Abdominal Tuberculosis?
Common Symptoms of Tuberculosis Are – Fever, Coughing, phlegm with or without blood, loss of weight, loss of appetite and fatigue.
Involvement of the abdomen causes the following symptoms –
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loose motions, bleeding in stools in severe cases and Constipation.
Many people with abdominal tuberculosis may develop jaundice, anemia, ascitis, enlarged liver or spleen or lump in the abdomen.
In Splenic tuberculosis , the spleen usually gets enlarged.
What Are the Types of Abdominal Tuberculosis?
Types are-
- Gastrointestinal TB- Tuberculosis affect the GIT,stomach, small intestine and large intestine.
- Pertoneal TB- Tuberculosis involving outer membrane of abdominal cavity.
- Tuberculosis Lumpadenitis- TB of lymphnodes of abdominal cavity.
- Hepatobiliary TB- TB of liver and bile ducts. It can cause granulomatous formation in the liver and causes inflammation of bile ducts. Common symptoms are fever, jaundice, hepatomegaly, spleenomegaly or ascitis
- Colorectal tuberculosis- Very rare. It causes non-specific symptoms or weight loss, anaemia, bleeding in lower abdomen. There may be diffuse or segmental colitis.
- Anal tuberculosis- Incidence of anal tuberculosis is very rare and present as anal discharge, swelling, pain, pain and multiple fistulas.
How Do We Make a Diagnosis of Abdominal Tuberculosis?
The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis requires a few investigations-
Blood investigation-
Plain X-ray abdomen
Barium study X-ray
Ascitic tap fluid analysis
Interferon- Gamma release Assays
- T-spot TB test
- Quantiferon TB Gold in Tube Test
ESAT-6
PSR
CT scan of abdomen with contrast
MRI abdomen
What Is the Treatment of Abdominal Tuberculosis?
Abdominal tuberculosis is treated with a combination of anti-tubercular medicines.
The duration of treatment of tuberculosis is 6 to 9 months.
If you are suspected to have Abdominal Tuberculosis get in touch with a tuberculosis expert and get proper treatment.
What Is the Complications Abdominal Tuberculosis?
Abdominal TB can lead to severe complications like-
- Intestinal obstruction
- Perforation
- Fistulas
- Abscess
- Infertility and nutritional deficiencies
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