Nipah Virus is a newly recognized Zoonotic virus. The clinical presentation usually appears to be an influenza-like syndrome and progresses to encephalitis includes respiratory illness and causes death in about half of the...
Nipah Virus is a newly recognized Zoonotic virus.
The clinical presentation usually appears to be an influenza-like syndrome and progresses to encephalitis includes respiratory illness and causes death in about half of the identified cases.
The viruses have caused only a few localized outbreaks, but their wide host range and ability to cause high mortality raises concerns for future.
The natural host of these viruses is thought to be of certain species of fruit bat present in Australia.
Key Facts:
- The Nipah virus infection caused in humans causes a range of clinical presentations, from an asymptomatic infection (subclinical) to an acute respiratory infection and even fatal encephalitis.
- The case fatality rate is also estimated at 40% to 75%. This rate would vary by outbreak depending on the local capabilities for epidemiological surveillance along with clinical management.
- The Nipah virus is also transmitted to humans from animals (such as bats or pigs), or any contaminated foods. This could also be transmitted directly from human to human.
Outbreaks in Kerala
The State of Kerala experienced a deadly outbreak of Nipah virus in the year 2018, which killed 17 people and caused a widespread panic in this state. More than around 230 people were seen for tests during those days. However, the outbreak has seen to return and the operation to further contain its spread.
Although the mode of transmission from animal to human is not defined, the inoculation of infected materials onto the respiratory tract plays a role.
Although Nipah virus has caused only a few known outbreaks in Asia, it infects a wide range of animals and causes severe disease and death in people, making it a public health concern.
Signs and Symptoms
Infection with the Nipah virus (NiV) is seen to cause any mild to severe disease, including the swelling of brain (encephalitis) and in fatal cases- potentially death.
The Symptoms are seen to appear in around 4-14 days following exposure to your virus. The illness would initially present itself as follows:
- 3-14 days of Fever
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Headache
- Difficulty breathing
- Vomiting
The severe symptoms may thus follow, for example:
It is also seen, that death would occur in about 40-75% of the cases.
The long-term side effects could be visualized in survivors of the Nipah virus infection has been further noted, including any persistent convulsions and any personality changes.
The Infections that could lead to the symptoms and lead to death afterwards, but much later post-exposure (called as the dormant or the latent infections)
That is, the patients can be seen getting the infections months and even years after infection.
Diagnosis
The Nipah virus infection can be detected in the human central nervous system the tissue specimen by the CDC PHIL
The Nipah virus (NiV) infection is also seen to diagnose during an illness or after the recovery.
There are different tests that are further available to diagnose the NiV infection. During the early stages of illness, any laboratory testing could be conducted using any real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
With the sample from the following:
- Throat And Nasal Swabs
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Urine
- Blood
Later in course of action, illness after recovery, the testing for the antibodies would be conducted using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay i.e. (ELISA).
Imaging Modalities:
Treatment
Currently, there have been no licensed treatments that are available for the Nipah virus (NiV) infection. The Treatment is then limited to your supportive care, including your rest, the hydration, and your treatment of symptoms.
There are many immunotherapeutic treatments (monoclonal antibody therapies) that are currently under development and in the evaluation of treatment of NiV infections.
One such monoclonal antibody has currently completed phase 1 clinical trials and is on compassionate use basis.
In addition to that, antiviral treatment of remdesivir would be effective in the nonhuman primates when it is given as a (PEP) post-exposure prophylaxis
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Why Ganesh Diagnostic and Imaging Centre should be your preference to screen you for Nipah Virus Infection?
At Ganesh Diagnostic and Imaging Centre, we have been known for providing excellent service and care to its patients for decades. Lakhs of satisfied patients over the years!
It is an established and renowned diagnostic centre since 2001.
Their excellence is backed by NABH and NABL Accreditations.
NABH accreditation is proof of highest standard of care and service provided to the patients. NABL accreditation reflects the competency of laboratories and equipment based on some national and international standards.
Test report is available digitally too.
Ganesh Diagnostic and Imaging Centre is a one-stop solution for getting all kinds of tests done, as all services are available under one roof.
The aim of GDIC is to provide the world’s finest technology at the lowest price.
We are based in Delhi NCR Region, and our branches are in the following regions:
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The rates of scans are reasonably priced. Ganesh Diagnostic and Imaging Centre also offers FLAT 50% OFF on many tests.
Tests conducted at Ganesh Diagnostic and Imaging Center
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Note from Ganesh Diagnostic & Imaging Center
- Early checkups are always better than delayed ones. Safety, precaution & care are depicted in the several health checkups at our center.
- Here, at Ganesh Diagnostic and Imagining Center, we present simple & comprehensive health packages for any kind of testing to ensure the early prescribed treatment to safeguard your health.
- So, visit us at the earliest to ensure good health and to maintain an active immune system.
References:
- https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/14/india/kerala-nipah-virus-india-outbreak-intl-hnk/index.html
- https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/nipah-virus
- https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/nipah/treatment/index.html
- Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 20 th edition, Volume 1
