HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Test - Book at an Affordable Cost

Tests for genotypic resistance look at the HIV patient's genetic makeup (genotype). The patient's blood is drawn, and the HIV is examined for the presence of particular genetic changes that are known to result in medication resistance. For example, scientists have found that the antiviral drugs lamivudine (Epivir®) and emtricitabine (Emtriva®) are ineffective against HIV strains that have the mutation "M184V" in the reverse transcriptase gene. It is quite likely that a patient who tests positive for this mutation is resistant to both medications, so new medications should be suggested.

A patient's HIV sensitivity (phenotype) to a given antiviral is directly measured by phenotypic testing. These tests, in the opinion of many professionals, are more precise and thorough than genotypic tests. These tests can assist a doctor in determining the dosage or concentration of medicine required to prevent a particular strain of HIV from multiplying in a patient.

Useful for determining the hiv-1 genotypic alterations linked to a protease inhibitor, integrase strain transfer inhibitor, and nucleotide and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance

Assisting patients with HIV-1 infection, particularly children, in the start of or shift to combination antiretroviral therapy

Highlights

To detect HIV-1 antiviral medication resistance-related codon mutations in patients before or during combination antiretroviral therapy, this assay uses next-generation sequencing. The likelihood of a positive response to the current antiviral medication combinations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HIV-1 infection can be predicted using this test.

Guided information

In individuals receiving ART for HIV-1 infection, antiviral resistance may affect the effectiveness of the treatment. When combination therapy is unsuccessful, the identification and analysis of viral genotypic alterations related to antiviral drug resistance might direct essential ART modifications to suppress viral reproduction (i.e., lower viral load), improving patient outcomes.

Theory

HIV-1 is an RNA virus that contaminates cells and then, through the action of the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) allele product, transforms the infected cells into complementary DNA. As RT has a confined ability for proofreading, it comprises mistakes in the proviral DNA. The transcription of the proviral DNA into RNA outcomes in the transcription of these errors into contagious viral particles. Identical to this, the enzyme protease catalyzes the production of peptides required for viral replication by breaking down a polyprotein. Antiviral therapy (ART), which consists of protease inhibitors, integrase strain transfer inhibitors, and nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, may be successful in lowering viral loads, but genotypic mutations in the drug-targeted HIV-1 genome brought on by selective pressure from antiviral therapy will result in antiviral resistance.

It is possible to identify alterations in nucleotide bases and related amino acid codons that may result in antiviral medication resistance by amplification and analysis of the HIV gene sequence that is drug-targeted. By contrasting the sequencing information of the patient's HIV strain with that of a wild-type HIV strain, such genotypic modifications are recognized as variations. A group of top specialists in the field of HIV-1 resistance then produced a consensus set of interpretive principles to identify the importance of these genotypic alterations in connection to antiviral resistance.

What is the Cost HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance 

The average price for HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance test is seen to differ from one center to another. The price range is said to be between INR 12000 to INR 65000 in Delhi, India.