IHC - Cyclin D Test Cost & Procedure

Compared to other lymphomas made up of tiny, mature B cells, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is more aggressive. The translocation t(11;14) causes Cyclin D1 to be overexpressed in MCL (q13;q32). Without the need for fresh tissue, Cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry in fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue aids in the accurate and repeatable identification of MCL. Its application in bone marrow biopsies, however, is not extensively documented. Additionally, hairy cell leukemia has been associated with elevated cyclin D1 mRNA levels, but immunohistochemistry has not consistently detected these levels.

Introduction

Small, mature B lymphocyte lymphoproliferative diseases are heterogeneous conditions with a range of clinical symptoms and prognoses. It is crucial to understand that mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), which falls into this category, has an aggressive course and a markedly lower 5-year survival rate.

Cyclin D1, a cell cycle protein, is overexpressed in MCL due to the shifting t(11;14)(q13;q32), which implicates the immunoglobulin heavy chain allele on chromosome 14 and an area on chromosome 11 known as bcl-1. The translocation results in the oncogene cyclin D1, which is normally absent or only present at very low levels in lymphocytes, becoming overexpressed. It is telomeric to the breakpoint areas. Cells are pushed from the G1 phase into the S phase by the cell cycle kinase p34cdc2 and the Cyclin D1 protein. Accordingly, cyclin D1 aberrant expression may be linked to uncontrolled cell growth.

Materials And Methods

>> Casing Decisions

The Vanderbilt University Medical Center's Division of Hematopathology provided the BM, lymph node, and spleen specimens. A total of 55 patients' 73 distinct specimens were examined. Normally, tissues were embedded in paraffin and preserved in buffered formalin or B5.

13 MCL patients delivered a total of 25 specimens, comprising 12 BM core biopsies, 8 aspirate clot sections, 2 spleen resections, 2 lymph node removals, and 1 soft tissue orbital biopsy. For tabulation purposes, the BM samples were collected from 10 distinct patients and consisted of 10 core biopsies and 6 aspirate particle sections. The diagnoses were verified by histopathologic criteria.

Thirteen BM core biopsies and seven spleen resections were among the twenty specimens taken from the fourteen HCL patients. The BM biopsies were taken from 10 separate individuals, and due to dry taps, none of them had an aspirate clot portion. In each case, the diagnosis was made using histopathologic criteria and the characteristic hairy cell shape on Wright's stained smears (10 cases).

Note: Likewise, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positivity (10 cases), monotypic B cells coexpressing CD11c and CD25 (4 cases), or DBA44 immunoreactivity was appointed in 10/10 cases considered aided in the analysis.