Immunohistochemistry (IHC) - S100 Test Cost & Procedure

Why does IHC use S100? 

Background: Cellular processes, including cell division and differentiation, appear to be significantly influenced by low-molecular-weight calcium-binding S100 proteins. S100 is frequently used in histopathology as the preferred marker for immunohistochemical detection of malignant melanoma.

S100 positive: What does that mean?

S100P is positive in all melanoma subtypes, including desmoplastic melanoma, for which it is still a critical reagent in the diagnosis.

The S100 family is what?

The largest subgroup of the Ca2+-binding EF-hand (helix E-loop-helix F) protein family is represented by the S100 protein family. These proteins are known as S100 because they can be dissolved in a neutral pH solution that is 100% saturated with ammonium sulphate. B.W. Moore initially recognised them in 19651.

What if the IHC test is positive?

A positive test result indicates that the lab discovered a specific alteration in the tumor's protein structure. This suggests that additional genetic testing is advised because it's conceivable that you have an inherited genetic issue. A test result may occasionally fall between the positive and negative ranges.

Why is IHC necessary following a biopsy?

Some IHC stains can assist in identifying particular elements in cancer cells that affect a patient's prognosis and whether they would likely benefit from specific medications. IHC, for instance, is frequently used to examine breast cancer cells for estrogen receptors.

What does S100 represent?

Nomenclature. The sign has historically been hyphenated; however contemporary gene and protein nomenclature, like that used by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, does not.

S100 negative: What does that mean?

When seeking to determine whether the cells they are examining under a microscope are one of the cell types that typically produce S100, pathologists will carry out this test. Positive or reactive cells will produce this protein. The term negative or non-reactive cells refers to cells that do not have this protein.

What role does S100 play?

S100 proteins interact with a range of target proteins, such as enzymes, cytoskeletal components, receptors, transcription factors, and others, to regulate several cellular processes, such as migration and invasion, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis, and energy consumption.

What role in inflammation do S100 proteins play?

A large portion of the modulating of innate and acquired immune responses, which support the emergence of chronic inflammatory disorders, is played by S100 proteins, particularly calgranulins. Calgranulin is linked to joint inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)