Glycophorin A Test Cost & Procedure

 A transmembrane protein called glycophorin-A is found on the surface of healthy human erythrocytes. The amount of glycophorin A in each red blood cell remains constant once it has been expressed to its maximal level. In cases of erythroleukemia, blast cells also contain glycophorin A.

The main sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane, glycophorin-A, comprises the antigenic components of the MN blood group. AML-M6 and mature erythrocytes, as well as erythroid precursors, exhibit membrane positivity.

What is Glycophorin A?

One of the two transmembrane proteins visible on the outer surface of typical human erythrocytes is glycophorin A (sialoglycoprotein alpha). Without reacting with glycophorin D, this monoclonal antibody recognises an epitope on the extracellular domain of glycophorin A. (glycophorin delta). Glycophorin A is expressed in normal human erythrocytes at all stages of development, from the normoblast to the adult erythrocyte.

The amount of glycophorin A in each red blood cell stays constant after it has reached its maximum expression. In cases of erythroleukemia, glycophorin A has also been discovered in the blast cells. Myeloblastic and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cases do not respond to treatment.

Preparation for the Glycophorin A Test

In this situation, a specimen stained with blood is needed. The specimen can be set up as described below: Paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed. The block or slide is shielded from being subjected to too much heat. The specimen is never frozen; it is kept at ambient temperature or in a refrigerator.

Glycophorin A Test Applications

• To confirm bloodstain diagnoses, the glycophorin-A test is viewed as an alternative to the human haemoglobin test. In criminal investigations, it is a crucial test.
• IHC analysis of glycophorin A with interpretation The hematopoietic cells listed below express the following CD markers.

How to Conduct a Glycophorin A Test?

The immunohistochemistry test is the primary technique here. It is performed in the following four steps:

• Fixation is used to preserve the integrity of the cellular morphology and tissue architecture.
• Antigen retrieval is carried out to make more proteins readily available for detection.
• Blocking: This is done to cut down on intrusive background noise.